Orthopedic Surgical Oncology
Introduction
One of the fields of orthopaedics is orthopedic oncology. These tumors may be benign or malignant. Malignant tumors are one of the most serious disorders that must be diagnosed and treated immediately.
Overview
Depending on the nature, location, and severity of the tumor, orthopedic oncology can be performed in different ways. An orthopedic oncologist is an orthopedic surgeon who specializes in the treatment of bone and soft tissue tumors, including bone and soft tissue sarcomas.
Usually, the procedure combines radiation, medicinal, and surgical treatments. The symptoms of orthopedic oncology may be controlled and additional complications avoided using conservative management techniques like observation, physical therapy, and medication.
Symptoms of orthopedic oncology
Some people with orthopedic oncology have no symptoms other than feeling a painless lump. For others, a variety of symptoms can develop. The most common signs of orthopedic oncology include:
• Pain (usually worse at night).
• Unexplained swelling.
• A high temperature (fever).
• Difficulty moving around.
• Feeling extra tired (fatigue).
• A break in the bone (fracture).
• Weight loss.
Causes of orthopedic oncology
Doctors have not been able to find a specific cause for orthopedic oncology, but there are links between bone cancer and exposure to radiation or drugs during treatment for other types of cancer. Bone cancer may be hereditary.
Steps of orthopedic oncology surgery
An orthopedic oncology surgery includes the following steps:
Step 1-The full examination:
At the first appointment, the surgeon will conduct a complete examination, taking X-rays if the patient did not have them before. If the patient has had X-rays before, the doctor will examine them and may repeat them to see if there is a change.
Step 2- Take a biopsy from the body:
A biopsy is a sample of tissue taken from the body in order to examine it more closely and determine the presence or magnitude of a disease.
Step 3- preoperative evaluation:
If there is ultimately to be surgery, the surgeon will carry out a preoperative evaluation by doing the tests such as a bone scan, MRI, CT scan, blood work, and other X-rays.
Step 4- Performing surgery:
Depending on the nature, location, and severity of the tumor, orthopedic surgical oncology can be performed in different ways.
recovery after orthopedic oncology surgery
After having an orthopedic oncology surgery, the recovery period varies depending on the type of tumor and the type of surgery. The surgeon follows up with the patient after treatment for a period of time to ensure that the tumor has disappeared. During this time, the doctor may ask the patient to undergo X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans at certain intervals to monitor the recovery stage.
risks and complications of orthopedic oncology surgery
The risks and complications of orthopedic oncology treatment are as follow:
• Infection:
The infection can occur after surgical procedures and can delay healing and increase the risk of complications such as wound dehiscence, bone loss, and implant failure.
• Nerve injury:
Nerve Injury can occur during orthopedic oncology surgery, particularly when tumors are located in close proximity to major nerves such as the sciatic or femoral nerves. Nerve injury can result in loss of sensation, weakness, or paralysis of the affected limb.
• Implant failure:
Implant failure can happen due to a variety of reasons such as poor implant design, improper surgical technique, or infection.
• Inadequate tumor resection:
This can occur when the entire tumor is not removed, which can result in tumor recurrence.
• Limb length discrepancy:
Limb length discrepancy can happen as a result of the surgical removal of a portion of the bone or due to the use of limb-sparing procedures.
What are the symptoms of orthopedic oncology?
Orthopedic oncology involves the diagnosis and treatment of bone and soft tissue tumors. Symptoms can vary depending on the location and type of tumor. Common signs include persistent pain in the affected area, swelling or a noticeable lump, and limited mobility of the nearby joints.
What causes orthopedic oncology?
Orthopedic oncology primarily focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of bone and soft tissue tumors. Various factors contribute to the development of these tumors. Genetic mutations play a significant role, as certain inherited conditions can increase the risk of developing bone cancers. Environmental influences, such as previous radiation exposure, also contribute to tumor formation.
What is a biopsy?
A biopsy is a medical procedure that involves the extraction of tissue or cells from a specific area of the body for diagnostic purposes. This procedure helps determine whether a condition, such as cancer or an infection, is present.
What causes implant failure in orthopedic oncology treatment?
Implant failure in orthopedic oncology treatment can arise from various factors. One significant cause is the mechanical stress on the implant, which may exceed its load-bearing capacity, leading to fatigue and eventual breakdown. Inadequate bone quality or insufficient biological integration can also play a critical role, as the surrounding tissue may not provide the necessary support for the implant.
What causes limb length discrepancy?
Limb length discrepancy occurs when one limb is shorter than the other, and several factors can contribute to this condition. Genetic factors play a significant role, as inherited traits can influence bone growth and development.
Results
Orthopaedic oncology is a subspecialty in orthopaedic medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of various tumors (both benign and malignant) of bones, soft tissues, and musculoskeletal nerves. Orthopaedic oncology treatment can be complicated and may involve a combination of surgical and non-surgical approaches.
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